What We Don’t and Do Know:The Case of Hasan Akbar
What We Don’t and Do Know
The Case of Hasan Akbar

By STAN GOFF
(reprinted from Counterpunch)
The determinations of a court martial, in much the same way as a civilian trial, conform to reality selectively where these determinations match the facts at all. That is certainly the case for Hasan Akbar, who was sentenced to death last week for fragging his fellow soldiers in Kuwait. The only person who knows what happened on March 22, two and a half days after the ground offensive to invade and militarily occupy sovereign Iraq, may be Hasan Akbar himself, and even that may be a risky assumption.
All trials are inherently and deeply political events. That is why this trial cannot be ignored.
A trial is a state ritual, bedecked in the allegorical appurtenances of robes, gavels, uniforms, and the elevated bench of the high priest. It is a carefully scripted public spectacle, even when it is not ‘open to the general public,’ using the mystical mumbo-jumbo of ‘objectivity‘ as it’s point of ultimate reference. Trials are codified rituals, no less primitive and dogmatic than pretending we are drinking blood and eating flesh during communion, than the boiled egg at a Pesach seder, or the daylight fast during Ramadan. A trial is the religious ritual of state power, and the purpose of a trial as a ritual of state power is to render invisible all those relations the state exists to protect. Trials are run almost exclusively by an order of modern shamans called attorneys, people who have been schooled not at determining the whole truth of anything, but instead to apply the various sub-rituals of the law on behalf of one or more of the trial participants.
Please don’t assume that I dislike religion or lawyers. Some of my best friends, as they say, are religious people and lawyers. The religion I want to deconstruct here is Objectivity. And I want to talk not about lawyers, but about law.
A military trial, a court martial, is a ritual contrived to conceal not just the relations of power that exist prior to liberal law — as civil trials do — but to camouflage the realities that exist prior to the formal codes of military behavior.
A trial is the exercise of the law. The so-called objectivity of the law, which pretends it has no point of view, renders the law a mirror of the status-quo. Every assumption that holds sway, with or without the formal recognition of the law, enters the courtroom, then, as a fact of nature — a universality, something above and immune from the actual living bodies and all their turbulent histories in the courtroom. This is why every trial that purports to be objective is a lie. The separation of the human subject from all we would call objects — be that a rain forest, a woman, or a slave — is a lie. This reflection of the status quo that calls itself objectivity, and pretends it has no point of view, reflects power and surrounds that power in a force field of invisibility.
In the trial of a woman for rape, for example, in the determination of something called ‘consent,’ no attorney is allowed to raise the issue of generally unequal power between men and women in society, even if plain sense tells us that social power conditions the question of consent. This is ‘inadmissible.’ This unequal power relation that existed prior to the law is not merely ignored by the court, it is actively excluded from any deliberation.
Systems of social power, like patriarchy, like capital, like imperialism, are not discounted as irrelevant. This would leave them open to question, vulnerable to the ‘objective’ evidence of relevance. No, these systems that exist prior to law are not discounted; they are counted. They are counted as natural, as the very immutable laws of nature, impenetrable to mere juridical intervention.
That’s the first thing.
It is only a matter of time after I write this, that someone will say I am defending the actions of Hasan Akbar. Those who defend and apologize for the status quo have demonstrated again and again that they are utterly unscrupulous. There are things I am writing here that will be taken out of context, and that can be combined with the existing assumptions with which we have all been indoctrinated, which will easily lend support to the impression that I am ‘defending’ Hasan Akbar. So be it. What is likely to be left out is what I will say right now, and what I said earlier… I do not know what happened with Hasan Akbar on May 22, 2003, so it is illogical to assume I am defending his actions. I cannot defend what I do not know. I have neither the capacity nor the inclination.
What I want to do is denaturalize; I want to point out some of the terrible lies behind all the assumptions that shroud the story of Hasan Akbar, assumptions that have the impermeability of a law of nature, or an article of religious faith.
What they say, ‘they’ being the story-product of the average socially necessary labor time expended by so-called journalists and so-called official sources… what ‘they’ say is that Akbar turned off the generator that provided lights in the tents at their Kuwaiti transit camp, then threw an incendiary grenade into one command tent, followed by two fragmentation grenades, one in each tent. ‘They’ say that he followed the grenade detonations by opening fire on the tents with his automatic rifle. Two officers, a captain and a major, were killed. Fourteen other members of the unit were wounded. I’m not inclined to dispute any of this, even though the rhetorical ‘we’ has a long history of fabricating evidence against both African Americans and Muslims; and Akbar was both. I’m not overwhelmed with skepticism in this case, even though I know how much latitude exists in the military to cobble together ‘evidence,’ and even though I know how much power the military has to conceal its warts.
Assuming… and that’s what I’m doing for the sake of argument… assuming that Hasan Akbar did indeed kill Army Captain Christopher Seifer and Air Force Major Gregory Stone, on March 22, 2003, everything I have to say about trials and power still stands.
I am not writing to disrespect either of the two men killed (or the wounded). There are surviving family members and friends who were probably devastated by their deaths. In fact, the only thing I will argue in this regard is that we should value these men’s lives, even if we hate and oppose this war, which I do. My own son is a solider, again in Iraq. I think we need to acknowledge that their lives should be valued, and that those who grieved for them deserve empathy, regardless of the fact that this is a hideous war that should be ended immediately.
I’ll leave the condemnations of soldiers to the moralists. The only soldier that might have know what he was doing there that night — really known — may well have been Hasan Akbar.
I am simply going to argue that there are others who deserve the same value and empathy, and that there is a disparity between what will happen to Hasan Akbar and others who have committed even more heinous crimes, and that disparity exposes the very systems of power that a trial is designed to conceal.
In the trial ritual, two key things must be established to successfully prosecute a defendant for first degree murder, the charge for which Akbar just received a sentence of death. First, the evidence presented must establish that the defendant actually did what they say he did. Second, they must establish that he intended to do it before he actually carried out the act, that he premeditated the homicides. In the same ritual, the defense attorney must use any means at his or her disposal to create doubt about either of the foregoing propositions. Neither legal advocate has as his or her goal to explain what happened in all its complexity. There are two very narrow and competing agendas — conviction and acquittal — each based on very narrow rules that exclude any discussion of pre-existing systems of power.
The defendant is reduced to a ‘rational actor.’ This is a liberal fiction that underwrites all our laws; it is based on a model of law that sees everything as a business contract. Every decision is pristine; every decision is final. There are only two ways out for the defendant. Shed serious doubt on his authorship of the act, or shed serious doubt on the actor’s ability to behave rationally (the insanity plea). Akbar’s lawyer attempted to do the latter. This is tougher than the former partly because the law also severely circumscribes its definition of insanity. Plenty of people who are legally sane are anything but sane by any other normative standard.
Here is where I will rely on inference: inference from my own experience in the military and my observations of military activity since I retired a decade ago.
Troops are generally young, and they are generally as ignorant as their young counterparts who are not in the military. That’s why I don’t blame soldiers for wars. Non-commissioned officers (NCO’s… sergeants) are often not much older, and frequently just as ignorant, even though they have a bit more experience in the military and practical life. NCO’s have that patina of authority to which young soldiers are attracted by either reverence or fear, or both.
NCO’s often brief their troops on every upcoming situation, and these are often unsupervised and un-vetted briefings, jammed full of the NCO’s own prejudices and misconceptions. Many of the expectations that soldiers had about what their experience would be like in Iraq in March 2003 was based on the scuttlebutt they’d picked up from their own NCO’s. I observed one of these briefings that was filmed by Bronwyn Adcock, a documentary film maker from Australia. In it, there was a sergeant telling his rapt audience of 20-year-olds that Muslims hated Americans. He called this a briefing on ‘Iraqi history and culture.’ And this was a briefing in which the sergeant was keenly aware that he was being recorded, so much of what he might have said was not included in his ‘briefing.’
(Before I dis NCO’s, since I was one, let me point out that many are bright, and there are plenty of commissioned officers who are as dumb as a box of raisins and likely to put out briefings that are just as worthy of ridicule.)
Imagine, now, that you are a solider recently converted to Islam — with the passion of any recent religious convert — who either directly, through a briefing like this, or indirectly, through barracks chatter, hears these kinds of statements. Does this inspire you with confidence in the unit you are about to accompany to war? How many times had Hasan Akbar heard his religion thus maligned and misrepresented by fellow soldiers, by officers and NCO’s, by the press, on the internet, watching call-in programs on C-Span? Akbar’s lawyers attempted to make the case that Akbar feared his fellow soldiers. I don’t know if he did or not, but it’s not a stretch.
Troops were pumped up for Iraq, as they testified in the superficial investigations of Abu Ghriab, by being told they were about to exact their revenge for September 11th. What is the mood of a unit full of 20-year-olds who couldn’t find Iraq on a map a year earlier, and have not yet differentiated between Iraqis and the 9-11 attackers, and who have been raised on a steady diet of revenge-fantasy entertainment featuring brown people, especially Arabs, as a threatening, irrational, and undifferentiated mass?
I spoke with a young solider about Abu Ghraib, who said, “I don’t know why they’re trippin’ about that. They would have done a thousand times worse to us.” This was a Black soldier, who hadn’t made the connection between anti-Arab racism and the racism he encountered in his own life in the United States. When I pointed out, in the blandest argument I could make, that the majority of those who were imprisoned in Abu Ghraib had been rounded up randomly, I could see the light come on. Oh yeah. Well, that’s not right.
The point is, this possibility had simply never occurred to him before. We are a culture inoculated almost from birth against every critical thought. He was repeating the circulating and conventional wisdom of his unit, probably first spoken aloud by an NCO or an officer. This is the culture, and for a Muslim soldier this surely matters. I am not trying to defend Akbar. I don’t know what happened, so I wouldn’t know what I was defending. I don’t know his motivations. But I feel fairly safe in assuming there was an atmosphere of discomfort and even hostility in which he heard these kinds of things all the time.
Akbar’s father reports that his son was the sole Black and sole Muslim in his company. He further alleges that Akbar was subjected to constant racial and religious harassment, including innuendo that Akbar would be ‘mistakenly’ shot as one of them.’ because he ‘looks like them and prays like them.’ Reports that members of Akbar’s unit sported racist tattoos and indeed did subject him to racial and religious hectoring were given a non-denial-denial by 101st Division spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Ed Loomis, who responded that the Division did not ‘tolerate extremist behavior.’ This is a fairly typical military disclaimer that means this wasn’t the subject of the investigation, without saying that the harassment of Akbar was not investigated. Or, more seriously, that the investigation revealed facts that might embarrass the military, which is institutional anathema.
The most troubling thing about Akbar’s case is that, after the initial flurry of stories were quickly swallowed up by the serial dramas spun out by the Centcom liars in the initial days of the invasion, there was a virtual news blackout of the case. The military became extremely tight-lipped, and the press seemed to have forgotten it happened. Now, after all that circumspection, just as Akbar is being sentenced (and subject to be held incommunicado), there are lurid revelations from his ‘diary’ that purport to show that he had planned the murder of these officers, or at least other troops, all along. After the details of the trial are buried behind the military cloak for two years, then the curtains are pulled back on this spectacle of the verdict and one damning piece of evidence.
It’s hard for me to forget that this is the government that has illegally imprisoned thousands of people, including holding one U.S. citizen (Jose Padilla) without charges or access to a lawyer, and that persecuted Wen Ho Lee with the enthusiastic cooperation of the ‘objective’ press. This is the government that still holds Leonard Peltier and Mumia Abu Jamal (though Mumia is held on Pennsylvania charges). And this is the military that denied exit to military-aged males in Fallujah before they turned it into a Warsaw free-fire zone. So I hope I’ll be forgiven if I say, even without claiming the innocence or guilt of Hasan Akbar — which I simply do not know about… forgive me if I say there is something here that doesn’t pass a smell test.
But then, very little has passed that test lately, has it? Now, we have the trial of Ilario Pantano, former Wall Streeter turned Marine looey, who apparently shot two unarmed Iraqis then decorated them with the equivalent of the old Vietnam death cards. Republican Representative Walter Jones, from my home state of North Carolina (as much a fascist nitwit as that other North Carolinian, Jesse Helms), has made Pantano his personal cause celebre, saying he’d have Pantano for his son.

This is where this question arises concerning the value of life. I do not have to devalue the lives of Christopher Seifer and Gregory Stone to suggest that we might equally value the lives of Hamaady Kareem and Tahah Ahmead Hanjil, who Pantano shot dozens of times then covered with a sign bearing the unit motto, ‘No better friend, no worse enemy.’ Moreover, an MSNBC poll in response to Pantano’s trial asked the question, “Should soldiers ever be charged with murder in a war zone?” Not should Pantano be charged, but should any soldier ever be charged. Seventy percent of respondents said no.
If the exact same question had been asked in association with a report on Akbar’s trial, does any reader care to hazard a guess what the results might have been? The jurors in any case, including Akbar’s and Pantano’s, are likely to share the same set of assumptions that create the obvious disparity we would see if we held these two identical polls in conjunction with separate trials. The law says that murder is ‘objectively’ murder, no matter who the victim is. There’s your objectivity!
It’s the same objectivity that translates into 13 percent of U.S. drug users being Black, 38 percent of drug arrestees being Black, 59 percent of convictions being Black, and 74 percent of all drug offenders sentenced to prison being Black. Black folk are the victims of more homicides per capita than white folk, but if you kill a white person you are almost four times as likely to be given the death penalty than if you kill a Black person. And we don’t have to limit our examples to racial-national contradictions. We can talk about the dismally low percentage of successful rape prosecutions and concomitantly at the extremely high proof-burden bar placed before rape plaintiffs. We can look at the difference of court outcomes based on the price of one’s legal representation. Class, race/nation, and gender are systems of social power that exist prior to law: systems that the law intentionally conceals behind the veil of ‘objectivity.’ And trials… well, trials give us all the show.
Hasan Akbar is quoted as saying, “You guys are coming into our countries, and you’re going to rape our women and kill our children.” We may assume he meant Muslim countries. As the record now shows, these things did actually happen. Children were killed by occupation troops, and women were raped. (Troops also raped fellow female soldiers and got away with it.) It is claimed that Akbar opposed the war, and further claimed that he had written in the infamous diary that he had been ‘punked’ and ‘humiliated’ by his fellow soldiers, rather supporting his father’s claims of harassment prior to deployment. He is reported to have written that he would soon be faced with a ‘choice’ about whom to kill. Given the circumstances, this isn’t all that surprising, if true.
Now that we’ve had the last and only act of the trial as state religious ritual, and the trial as public spectacle, we will be treated to the spectacle of Akbar’s appeals process, confirming us in the ultimate justice of this objective system, and the public revenge spectacle in which public voices will decry the act while carefully avoiding any references to Akbar’s color or religion, while the multitudes of private voices will reproduce the discourse of racism and xenophobia (now available in the blogosphere, and from designated trolls like Daniel Pipes) that ensures the smooth reproduction of the status quo. Then we will have our revenge, and Hasan Akbar will be executed to show our collective resolve.
Meanwhile, those who ordered the bombing of Baghdad only 48 hours before Akbar pulled the pin on the first grenade will enjoy the adulation and support of many and the helpless fury of many others.


Brandy:
Why you would say that this is an African American thing? Do you not realize that most of the Armed Forces are African American? We don’t care what color your skin is. Everyone has a right to believe in something, religion is not an excuse for what he did. That man freely joined they US Army, therefore it was his DUTY to DEFEND our country. He was the one who made that choice! Even being a new Muslim, he HAD to defend the USA. As for us going into his countries killing children and raping women, HELLO, his country was the United States of America! Not some other Muslim country. Therefore before you start pointing fingers towards what happened in Iraq and the surrounding countries, you need to experience it. Have you ever had a, let’s say 9 year old boy point a gun in your face when all you were trying to do was to help free his people? If not then how can you rant on about the troops killing children? You can’t!
5 May 2005, 6:55 amI don’t know how you can have the opinion that you have. Don’t get me wrong, I know that you are free to make it. The only thing I can come up with is that you yourself are an African American who feels discriminated against.
Being that I’m a woman, I feel that your complete outlook on this situation is really jacked up. I previously went through a Court Martial. I know what it is like to go through that. I was pregnant the entire time my trial was going on, so I don’t have any sympathy for anyone when it comes to that. I was falsely accused and I proved it, just like in any civilian court. When you have the facts and proof needed to show that you’re not guilty then they won’t do anything to you. Once again, just like in a civilian court.
Don’t try playing the, I’m a minority and I should get away with things copout. He was a soldier for the USA and therefore it was his DUTY to DEFEND our country. A DUTY which he did not do. I think that what he did do was grounds for treason and should be punished by death.
Aaron:
It’s shameful that what passes for “The Left” in the U. S. (and, apparently, elsewhere!) has failed to come to the defense of Hasan Akbar! His accomplishment in putting out of action — some permanently — over a dozen officers of the imperialist military before they could kill any of their intended or “collateral” victims was a service to humanity. Unlike those who kill in the service of the Empire, Hasan Akbar deserves a medal!
12 May 2005, 2:39 pmStan:
This is ultra-leftism in its most egregious form, Aaron. Akbar is not a hero. He is a victim, and a very young one at that. He will now be put to death, most likely, without garnering the least bit of support for a mass movement against the war, or from one. There is an adventurist streak among leftist males (especially young ones) that irrevocably pulls them into making idealistic statements like the one you just made in order ot “prove” that one is “truly down” with the revolution.
Stop and think for a minute before you say such things. We can defend him from injustice without idealizing him out of reality.
12 May 2005, 4:01 pmStan:
Brandy,
The majority of the military is NOT African American. Please bother to at least get your basic facts straight before you jump in over your head here. And I know the miltiary justice system very well. I spent over two decades in the active duty army. It is not the foolproof instrument of justice you describe. I suspect it was not even that for you, but I won’t ask you to share the details of your court martial unless you want to.
I suggest you go back and read the article more carefully. Gender is a system of unequal power playing itself out hard in the military, as I’m sure you know. There is something in this piece for you, and nothing in here was written against you. Your reference to “I’m a minority and I should get away with things” is dangerously close to race-baiting, and if you want to be posted here you will put a lid on that.
12 May 2005, 9:41 pmAaron:
If an Iraqi were to sneak onto a U.S. base and kill and injure a bunch of officers, most anti-imperialists would regard him (or her!) as a hero, regardless of whether that person were killed, captured or escaped. And the notion that the Iraqi might also be a victim would not detract from the heroism of the act. Why is it OK for Iraqis to kill and die in the fight against the Empire, but not for citizens of the Empire to do so?
While there is no effective mass movement against the war, and there probably won’t be until a lot more U.S.-Americans are dying, the failure of people of your stature to give Akbar “the least bit of support” is part of the problem, because it demoralizes others who might take armed action against the Empire. Also, saying that Akbar “will now be put to death, most likely” is defeatism. People did not, thankfully, take that attitude towards the death sentences of Sacco and Vanzetti, the Rosenbergs (who were also heroes if they were “guilty”) or Mumia. We should be fighting against his death sentence, as long as he is alive and raise money for both his legal defense — so he doesn’t have to depend only on military lawyers from now on — and for his personal needs. Personally, although I’m just a bit above poverty level myself, I pledge to give him $100 as soon as I can figure out how to get it to him.
If Hasan Akbar is eventually executed in spite of our efforts, we should remember him as both a victim and a hero!
As for my “ultra-leftism”, I would argue that, on the contrary, the ultra-leftists are those who refuse to support armed actions against the U.S. unless they are carried out by people with a clear leftist ideology. Incidentally, I’m “young” enough to have demonstrated against the Suez invasion in 1956, so I’m probably older than you are, Stan! And I’m not concerned with proving that I’m ‘”truly down” with the revolution’. In fact, while I’m all for ‘the revolution’, I don’t think we have any right to make people around the world being screwed over by the U.S. wait till we can make a revolution in the U.S. before we do anything to take the pressure off them!
12 May 2005, 10:55 pmStan:
No one said we shouldn’t oppose his death sentence.
And yes, Aaron, it is people like me who are the problem. The signature of ultra-leftism is always to focus attacks on the left, and attack anyone who disagrees with a particular line as the enemy.
I have no idea how old you are chronologically. It’s the thought process that I find immature. You are not looking at the net effect of this act, which is not to mobilize support for the struggle against empire, but to fuel its racism and xenophobia.
This is the error of adventurism. With Akbar, it is also idealization. We have heard nothing from Akbar or his lawyers that is remotely political; they mounted a pretty standard defense… that he was afraid. I think that is a valid defense, given what he reportedly wrote in his diary.
The question I raised was what is the military covering up about the events that preceded the attack, particularly in his unit? You will find next to zero support for Akbar’s actions among Americans, even those who strongly oppose the war. That’s not a statement equating popularity with virtue. It’s a statement about instrumental politics.
Open racism in the military, however, not only constitutes matters in extenuation and mitigation for Akbar’s appeal (which could save his life), it is a bloody nose for the miltiary. If Akbar appeals and receives his public support as a “hero” of the resistance, he will die. And to the applause (or very qualified regret) of the vast majority of the American population.
If you can explain to me how the idealization of Hasan Akbar as a hero will overcome that, I’m all ears.
With Brandy on my right and you on my left, I feel pretty comfortable.
13 May 2005, 1:20 pmAaron:
You (Stan) wrote:
Your argument here is rather demagogic, Stan! I wrote that ‘the failure of people of your stature to give Akbar “the least bit of support” is part of the problem.’ This is very different from saying that “it is people like [you] who are the problem”, both in that I referred only to a specific behavior of “people of your stature”, and I said that that behavior was “part of the problem”, not “the problem”.
I don’t know where you get the idea that I “always […] focus attacks on the left”, since all you seem to be going on is what I’ve written here about one narrow issue. Moreover, I haven’t written anything implying that you are “the enemy”. Does your (quite proper) attack on support by leftists for the Kerry campaign mean that you “always […] focus attacks on the left”, and that you attack people like Chomsky, Michael Parenti and Tariq Ali as “the enemy”?
BTW, your use of the term “immature” to describe my “thought process” seems designed to rule out rational discussion, unless you’re planning to invoke developmental cognitive science to differentiate between “mature” and “immature” thought processes!
I’m happy, in any case, that you are taking up the case of Hasan Akbar. If you can get others involved in defending him on your less provocative basis, that’s great! Go for it!
There’s a lot more I’d like to say about issues that have been raised in this discussion, including aspects of Brandy’s comments that you haven’t dealt with (yet?). But I’m a slow writer, so I’ll leave off here to get back to my life and hopefully fcome back to this discussion later.
13 May 2005, 4:55 pmStan:
My disagreements standing, I apolgize to Aaron for what he correctly called demagogy. An email exchange just spilled over on him, and that was unfair. I am with my grandson for a week, so I will just be apprviing posts.
13 May 2005, 8:35 pmAaron:
Thanks much for the apology, Stan! I may have more to say later about our disagreements, but right now I want to take up a point in Brandy’s comment.
Referring to Hasan Akbar, Brandy wrote:
and
I will ask Brandy or others who agree with her to answer a simple question — one that I have asked before in similar contexts without getting a response:
Would you take the same position regarding a soldier in the Iraqi Army? Would such a soldier have a DUTY to DEFEND his country? Especially given that his country, not yours, was the one being attacked, and actually had something to be defended against?
I’m looking forward to an answer from Brandy or someone of similar mind. It should be interesting.
P.S. to Stan: You presumably have Brandy’s email address, so maybe you can let her know that there’s a question awaiting her response!
16 May 2005, 9:44 pmjimbo:
I would like to add a small idea to the discussion; as far more
weighty persona’s have rendered so much. Why should we be fighting
against Hasan’s death?
Is not his life be what we are fighting for?
I say this because I once read Mother Theresa’s reply to the question,
Will you come and march in protest against the war? To which she
replied no. When you have a march for Peace, then I’ll march with
you, she is reported to have said.
As subtle as the difference might appear to be, Hasan deserves to
live. No Human Being deserves anything other than Life.
When we can choose to give Hasan life, regardless of his crimes, then
20 May 2005, 12:30 pmwe can free ourselves to choose life. Until that day, we’ll choose
the endless cycle of punishment and death, to the exclusion of all
else.