Libby-Cheney-Rove: What is to be done?

Libby-Cheney-Rove: What is to be done?

“… when something is not true it’s very difficult to prove.”

The Harriet Miers nomination went down yesterday with all the aerodynamic properties of a set of car keys. “Oh, nobody knows the trouble they seen.” Administration fingerprints on ten-pads. Tsk tsk. What does this all mean? Combined with the White Sox winning the series and this hurricane season, this MAY very well indicate the fulfillment of Revelations.

Many on the left — and by this I mean something more discriminating than a “left” inclusive of Hillary Clinton and Al Franken — are not sure what to make of the whole Plame-gate affair. We seem to be WRITING on it, but mostly for the purpose of showing simultaneously that (1) we knew the war was based on lies when the press was still giving the Bush regime the presumption of goodwill, that (2) normally we would consider outing CIA agents to be a very positive thing (this preserves our self-images as REAL leftists), that (3) the cover-up is not the real issue but the war-lie is, and (4) the Democrats — true to form — are hiding in the hedges hoping the administration will collapse without them having to suffer any dilemmas between restive massess and their capitalist funding streams.

I don’t know when exactly the tendency emerged to “stay out of the fray,” as it were, but I suspect the reasons for this tendency trace back to periods of extreme marginalization when the left experienced periods of incapacity and all they could do to “keep hope alive,” to coin a phrase, was issue positions and critiques and wait for the next social upsurge. But the habits established during these peirods of relative quiescence become institutionally imprinted and are carried into more turbulent times by a kind of inertia.

When called upon to act, we organize demonstrations. Some are just TOOO sophisitcated to do even that…

Combine that with a strong dose of creeping philosophical idealism, and you get the “More Revolutionary Than Thou Syndrome,” which presents as allergic responses to (a) any public pronouncements that fail to explain the news all the way down to the two-fold character of the commodity and (b) any activity that involves wading into the contaminated waters of “bourgeios” politics… that is, anything that involves putting pressure on actually-existing elected officials.

The fear associated with the latter is that we might be bourgeois-baited by other leftists or that we might find ourselves compelled to actually work with (ugh!) Democrats.

The Plame-gate affair is fraught with peril on these accounts, precisely because the Democrats (the Party, not the rank-and-file) are in the catbird seat on this one. They will undoubtedly use this scandal, and the recent epidemic of Republican indictments in the most shamelessly opportunistic ways, attempting all the while to avoid responding in any meaningful way to the real needs and concerns of their own constituents… or exhibit any real commitment to ending the war in Southwest Asia.

Yes, Chuck and Hillary, we know ye! And there is a special circle of Hell reserved for you in a just universe.

Having made my ritual denunciation of Democrats, I want to says something about political organizing… not merely ideological persuasion, but struggling for power.

I hesitate to quote dead communists at any length, because it sounds a bit too much like bibilical exegisis sometimes, but the fact is, some of these people did take political power, so they merit our attention. The independence of the world’s most populous nation — China — was won under the leadership of Mao Zedong, and while I have many criticisms of Mao and that whole epoch, he did have one idea that was at the core of their organizing philosophy that has proven effective. It’s called “mass line.”

It begins with the premise that when the thinking off the masses begins to correspond to the real social conditions, that ideas become become a “material force which changes society and changes the world.”

Mass line then poses the question, how do ideas come to correspond, rather than misrepresent, social reality? And here is what I believe to be an extremely important point. It does not happen that a well-formulated ideological latticework must be accepted by mass movements to become effective — the “correct” theory guides mass practice to ultimate victory, and all that — but the experience of actual struggle in actual conditions gives rise to theory that reflects social reality. We learn IN and FROM the struggle. We do not pre-learn the accepted dogma then impose it ON our struggles. Effective theory is the summary and explication of experience — and NOT just the experiences of the past, which often do not correspond to the conditions of the present.

But if we are to mobilize mass movements, then left leadership has to connect with the masses around the needs and concerns that most preoccupy those masses. The antiwar movement in the United States is NOT on the cusp of a socialist revolution. It just isn’t; and we can shout about the necessity of socialist revolution (I write about this all the time) from every street corner, but it won’t mobilize any mass movement to overthrow capitalism. Conditions are required for that. If we are organizing students, then we have to fight against tuition hikes. If we are organizing workers, then we have to fight against speed-ups, sexual harrassment, benefits cuts, etc. If we are organzing women, then we have to address domestic abuse. If we are organizing oppressed nationalities, then the aftermath of Katrina becomes crucial.

If we are organizing against the war in Iraq, and the mobilized anger of that movement is directed at the Bush administration, then we probably need to unite with efforts that attack the Bush administration… even if Demorats will make some hay from it.

Mass line further means that we work in a principled way within these social movements, and use our relationships and credibility in those movements to attract (through patient persuasion) more people to a revolutionary consciouness. Part of that persuasion process is taking the experience of a social movement and summing it up in ways that make the experience more intelligible by providing it with a coherent and accessible popular theoretical framework. Leaders in movements must encourage a culture of summation, and not merely as a mechanical excuse to force new experiences to fit into the Procrustean bed of pet shibboleths. Identification of real contradictions in day-to-day struggles is essential, and any inability to synthesize lessons learned must be dealt with honestly… Amilcar Cabral’s warning to revolutionary leadership to “tell no lies, mask no difficulties.”

One method of assessing the changing character of a social movement, that is part of this “mass line” approach, is to think of the movement as divided into three general categories. This is not cleanly demarcated, but simply a way of thinking that helps achieve strategic focus. Those categories are backward, intermediate, and advanced… and they refer to the level of intellectual clarity about the social movement’s aims.

In organizing military families, for example, we have encountered new people who join the movement with ideas like, “Those Arabs have been killing each other for centuries, and I don’t want my husband dying for them.” This is WAY backward. But do we exclude this person from joining with others who want to end the war? No. We isolate and contain this backward thinking, unite with her fears about a loved one, give this person something useful to do, and make new information available that debunks some of her premises. Another person in the same movement might say, “This whole thing is because Bush wanted revenge for his daddy.” On the high side, this at least doesn’t express racist xenophobia; but on the low side, it is conspiratorial, and sees no system behind the situation. This is less backward. This person needs to be shown, through patient persuasion and her activist work, that there was wide Democratic Party support for the war, and that the “first Gulf War” (of course, there was never a break between “first” and “second”) was equally cynical, and that three consecutive administration warred on Iraq — which leads a person to ask critical questions about why… these questions being the flagstones to intermediate clarity. The question of oil and US foreign policy comes to the fore — even if it is still in the framework that sees these as moral failures. Intermediate. From within the intermediate group, as people work on this issue for a period of time, we have inevitably seen people adopt new language, which a fairly decent understanding of what it means, that includes terms like “imperialism.” This is shifting into the advanced column, and here is where people can be approached with more explicitly socialist ideas.

If you want to fuck this whole process up, you show up at a big meeting of these developmentally heterogeneous folk and pass out Red Vanguard news-sheets.

(This blog is more or less aimed at people who are already won over to socialist ideas (SI), or who are strongly SI-curious — and of course for the handful of goofy freepers who will inevitably drop by. And Ed hangs in here as a kind of combatively friendly and not freeperish give-the-line military presence.)

Our interactions with each of these categories of people have to be different. And the slogans and campaigns of a mass movement must be developed not with an eye to comprehensive analysis that outruns the intellectual clarity of the masses, but with the demands that unite the largest numbers around the central goal of that movement, while isolating backward ideas.

Part of mass organizing, then, is the development of an advanced pole WITHIN that movement that actively works at isolating the backward, consolidating the advanced, and winning over new layers of the intermediate to the advanced. This is obviously a very simplified representation of the actual process, but there it is.

The reason I bring all this up is that there is confusion right now about where to go with the mass movement against the war, and how it relates to this whole Libby-Cheney-Rove scandal bubbling up through the bourgeois media and into mass consciousness as a kind of corruption scandal.

I was on a military operation once, where the target we had to approach was along a street. The only way to safely approach and cover the front of the target with observation and fire was from a deep, concrete-and-stone sewage ditch across the street. I had to walk for around ten hours after that with my trousers soaked in shit-water, wondering what kind of microorganisms might be boring through my skin, colonizing my cuts and scratches, or crawling up my ass. It was unpelasant. But sometimes to do the job, you have to get into the shit. Politics can be like that. You can’t be real about it and not get dirty.

Shit happens. (-:

At any rate, here we are with the whole scandal thing around Bush and his merry band.

In the next few days, the Bush administration will nominate some right-wing apellate court judge (just guessing here) with excellent academic credentials and plenty of experience on the bench. They are in a very defensive posture right now, and the right-wing torpedo of the Miers nomination was a signal to Bush that as the polls continue to slide, so shall the monolithic discipline of the GOP. When the Titanic makes that loud can-opener sound, its time to unlash the lifeboats. The Bush group has to reconsolidate its control over its restive fellow Repugs, and it needs to kowtow a bit.

Meanwhile, the more disciplined members of the DP will carefully nudge at key points of vulnerability without risking opposition to the war or any violation of the neoliberal orthodoxy.

But the rank-and-file of the DP — most of whom have long chafed at the rightward shift of their party — are in a mood to drag George, Dick, Condi, Donald, Scooter, and Karl out into the street, shoot them, and make a Mussolini display of their charred corpses. It’s mixed consciousness, to be sure, but it’s overall a good thing when people’s blood is up that way.

The left should unite with that anger and whatever momentum is generated from it and use it to drive a figurative locomotive right through the breach of the Bush legitimacy crisis. Lynch mobs around the White House might not indicate that the masses have embraced the revolution yet, but it sure makes for a great spectacle, and it is very very disruptive. Anything that helps knock the political stuffing out of this administraton — even if it DOES help some opportunistic Democrats — is a big plus, because it is a reversal in the direction of power-flow back to the masses.

Once folks sense that power, they are often reluctant to surrender it again.

While the Republicans AND Democrats are focusing on the legal minutiae of the cover-up, we can focus on amplifying the message that this is ONLY the cover-up, and that a cheap forgery was used to scare the crap out of everyone in order to invade Iraq. But we have to explain what happened, not wave it off with chatter about the contradictions of capital.

People like stories. This is actually a pretty weird story about a group of mean, not-overly-bright guys, who managed to take power in the richest country in the world with a combination of money and gamesmanship and — at critical times — fascist bullying. It’s a story about a huge fraction of a nation plugged into an electronic indoctrination datastream that fed them a continuous cocktail of ignorance, fear, islamophpbia, and Manichean simplicity, as a kind of anesthetic. And it’s about interagency rivalry mixed with (what should have been seen as) a clumsy con game.

Now it’s turned Iraq into a political beast that requires a steady diet of human bodies and money that flows like water from a broken hydrant.

There may be an indictment today of “Scooter” Libby (and less likely, Karl Rove). It’s only 7 AM as I write this. There may be more than one indictments, or there may be none. But the White House is shitting screw worms right now, and tabloidesque rumors keep coming from Capital Hill Blue and others that Bush is acting like a Caligulan psychotic these days.

The clique around Bush is a sort of grandiose group that has been fantasizing for some time now about how they believe the US should prepare for the future after the defeat of the Eastern Bloc. They are actually pretty unabashed about their goal — which is domination of the entire planet through a militarily enforced Pax Americana. They’ve written quite extensively about this through a collection of think tanks, but they also realize that no more than one percent of the public takes the trouble to find out what these whack jobs write. So they can write about taking over the world on the one hand and make disingenuous noises for the popular media about spreading democracy on the other. And they’ve gotten away with this shit because the educational enculturation of America for critical thought is a kind of offensive joke.

Let’s not be confused however. Al Gore was baiting Bush the Elder before his stolen run for the presidency… for not having “taken out” Saddam Hussein. The conquest of Iraq is seen by virtually the whole US ruling class — and that includes the leadership of the Democratic Party — as a necessity. The argument has always been about HOW, not IF. The Dems have been better about recongizing their real limitations and seen patience as a virtue. The Republican neocon faction has been more inclined to think like a high school football squad drinking Purple Jesus. And at a certain stage in their drunken lunacy, they showed the ability to rev up their fans with wild-eyed masculine bluster.

Most Congressional Democrats, for example, are continuing to support the war, and treating the antiwar movement as anathema — even now that we are the majority — not purely out of opportunistic cowardice (though there is plenty of that), but because they are committed to the resuscitation, by any means necessary, of flagging American imperial power that’s been held together by trickery ever since around 1971. This is important further along in the “what is to be done” part. They want to stay in Iraq… and the only way to get them to turn their backs on that desire is to present them with a more powerful disincentive.

I’m recalling a line from Mel Brooks’ “Blazing Saddles.”

“We’ve got to protect our phony-baloney jobs, gentlemen!”

But back to the story.

Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld engaged in a war on the Central Intelligence Agency. Rumsfeld wanted to gut the Agency (which he has accomplished to a signficant degree) in order to consolidate its covert operations activities within the Department of Defense. Cheney wanted the Agency’s intelligence analysts (a different part of the Agency) to act as ad writers for his foreign policy agenda.

I’m no defender of the CIA. A walk down their memory lane is a journey past the serial wreckage of bloody and blundering criminality. But a good deal of that criminality was committed by the paramilitary covert operators, who are not the same as the agent handlers of the Directorate of Operations, nor the analysts. Some of the analysts are smart, geeky people who speak foreign languages, have advanced degrees in history and international relations, and do pretty credible research. Over the whole Agency, every President appoints a chief bureaucrat — the Director of Central Intelligence (that’s being changed now by Bush, but I digress). George Tenet was called the “chief spy” by the media, but that’s not even close to the truth. He — like George H. W. Bush in his day — is in fact the chief bureaucrat.

In September 2002, George Tenet spoke in secret with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and — as a loyal obedient bureaucrat — told that committee that Iraq was preparing centrifuges to enrich uranium to build nulcear weapons. He also told them that Iraq was arranging the purchase of 500 tons of uranium oxide (called “yellowcake”) from the African nation of Niger. Roughly speaking, five tons of yellowcake is enough to make one bomb, so Tenet was telling the Senate that Iraq was developing the capacity to build a hundred nuclear weapons.

A couple of days later, Secretary of State Colin Powell told the same committee the same thing.

Two weeks later, the Senate passed the resolution authorizing the Crawford nitwit to make war on Iraq whenever and however he wanted.

In public pronouncements thereafter, including the State of the Union address in 2003, members of the Bush administration told the public of a clear and present danger from Saddam Hussein — now painted as a frothing lunatic that was a world threat on par with Hitler.

“We don’t want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud,” became an administration mantra directed at the American public, still replaying the images of the collapsing twin towers in its simple collective head.

… bad Muslims want to blow up America …

On March 7, 2003, just two weeks before Bush launched the debacle into Iraq, Mohamed ElBaradei, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency told the UN Security Council that the documents supporting this allegation were pure horse shit. Powell dismissed this, saying that other (unnamed) sources validated the claim, and Dick Cheney went onto “Meet the Press” and attacked ElBaradei. That was March 17th, and two and a half days later, the 3rd Mechanized Infantry Division crossed the line of departure into Iraq.

There are some journalists still worthy of the title, and Seymour Hersh is one of them. His book detailing how this all came to pass, “Chain of Command,” is a good read and recommended from here.

There are three key groups that were involved in this particular fabrication that was used to stampede Congress and the public toward the transformation of Iraq into a slaughterhouse: Rendon Group, the White House Office of Global Communications, and the Pentagon’s Office of Special Plans.

Rendon is a high-dollar PR outfit that is on contract with the executive branch to spin their policies and promote their agendas. They wrote many of the bogus stories that were trotted out every day in the early stages of the invasion at CENTCOM press briefings — including the serial fictions about Jessica Lynch.

Rendon is a private contractor that runs the “public” White House Office of Global Communications (OGC).

Rendon bascially invented the Iraqi National Congress — the Potemkin exile government ostensibly directed by embezzler and con artist, Ahmed Chalabi — Judith Miller’s “source” for many of the lurid and completely fabricated stories about Iraq she wrote for the NYT to whip up the war fever. Said one unnamed State Department official in a moment of anonymous candor, “Were it not for Rendon, the Chalabi group wouldn’t even be on the map.”

This is one reason this story is so interesting. Chalabi became Dick Cheney’s chief advisor on Iraq, and is the one who told both Cheney and Rumsfeld that the whole invasion would be a walkover and that within weeks the US would be happily pumping Iraqi oil money into Wall Street while the US military could begin the preparatory bombing of Iran for the next operation.

You see… the chiefs of this administration hired people to tell them what they wanted to hear, then believed what they were told. Beyond what leftist political analysts know about class contradictions, imperial crisis, etc. etc., this is a distinctly bizarre and therefore interesting story. Behaviors that would lead us to commit Uncle Homer to a special home were now standard operating procedure in the executive branch of the United States government.

Cheney and Rumsfeld had one big stone in their shoe, and that was the CIA. Several of those geeky analysts were not conforming to the script. They kept insisting that Iraq had no real WMD capability — exactly what former UN weapons inspector Scott Ritter had been saying for several years. So Rumsfeld created the Pentagon Office of Special Plans (OSP), an insider group of key neocons that supplanted the CIA as well as the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).

Hey, if your intelligence agencies won’t tell you what you want to hear, then invent your own intelligence agency that will. A former DIA Middle East intelligence chief, Patrick Lang, described the process as the Pentagon “band[ing] together to dominate the government’s foreign policy, and they’ve pulled it off. They’re running Chalabi.”

While Cheney browbeat the CIA every chance he got, stomping with disruptive regularity through Langley like a baby-rhino on PCP, the OSP went about the business of “proving” a connection between Iraq and 9-11 — their first mission. Insiders say that Rumsfeld was so pathologically committed to an invasion of Iraq from the minute he heard about the attacks of September 11th that he actually convinced himself that there WAS a connection between Osama and Saddam, and that Iraq WAS developing an arsenal of WMD — to include nuclear weapons.

So, in a sense, the lies for the invasion are not pure lies. They are only partly indicative of perfidy; moreso indicative of profound mental illness.

While Rendon and OGC were spinning the public, OSC was spinning the government. Hersh was told by an inside source, “Rumsfeld’s got to discredit the CIA’s analyses to make his intelligence more reliable.” The CIA started referring to OSP as Rumsfeld’s GRU.

Of course, when something is not true it’s very difficult to prove.

The whole Plame-gate affair that will likely cause Cheney’s chief of staff “Scooter” to be fingerprinted today relates only superficially to the “outing” of Valerie Plame as a CIA agent. The apparent intent of outing her was not for “revenge,” but to show that (her husband) Joe Wilson’s trip to Niger that exposed the Niger yellowcake documents as a very cheap forgery was being coordinated by the mean old CIA… that Plame herself sent Wilson on this little fact-checking foray. In fact, Plame was asked to check into it by State and the CIA’s Directorate of Operations, and she nominated her husband who had substantial and relevant experience for just such a mission.

The deeper issue, of course, is that this fabrication was seized upon by the administration so eagerly to further support the case for invasion.

But the most interesting part, at least from a story standpoint, is where was this klutzy forgery spawned? I don’t know, and neither do most people. But Hersh posits a very intriguing hypothesis that — for my own reasons — strikes me as borderline probable.

The CIA was being attacked and sidelined by the Bush administration, so the administration could “stovepipe” intelligence that supported their case for invasion. Correspoinding to the hubris that underwrote the administration’s military overstretch was a belief in their general omnipotence. These intellectual pipsqueaks believed they could shit all over the Agency with no consequences. So they made a lot of Agency people very angry, and these are people who are uniquely positioned to do a great deal of damage to the administration.

Hersh spoke with a former intel official who suggested that someone in the CIA itself created the Niger uranium forgery as a vengeful joke to set the administration up.

“It could not have gotten into the system [from Hersh's book, quoting the source] without the agency being involved. Therefore it was an internal intention. Someone set someone up… the agency guys were so pissed at Cheney… they said, ‘okay, we’re going to put the bite on these guys… Everyone was bragging about it — ‘Here’s what we did. it was cool, cool, cool.’”

The source suggested is was drafted by retirees who passed it along to active analysts. But instead of creating a blip of short term embarrassment, as hoped for, it took on a life of its own, leading up to today, when Scooter may be telling Sandy that he could have to go away for a while.

See what I mean? This is great stuff.

So back to Joe Wilson, who for whatever reason went to Niger and confirmed that this document no more represented reality than a Jules Verne novel. Wilson did not come back and announce to the whole world that this document was a prank. He delivered his report on the report to the Agency in February 2002, and quietly went back to his own business.

It was only after this idiotic fiction resurfaced — repeatedly, beginning with claims of absolute certainty by Dick Cheney in August that year, then Blair’s famous memo in September and Condi Rice’s first airing of the “mushroom cloud smoking gun” the same month, followed by the remergence of these claims in Italy through one of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi’s publications… well… whomever the author of this prank was must have been duly amazed at its virulent indestructability.

The Italian account recurculated back to Washington, whereupon George Tenet warned George Bush against any reference to the Niger uranium tale in a Cincinnati speech scheduled for that October. Nonetheless, the thing resurfaced in Condi’s NYT op-ed in January, followed by the other house-slave Colin Powell repeating this lie to the World Economic Forum days later. Then on January 28th, Bush himself included this fabrication in his State of the Union address.

Now the defenders of Bush are saying that Wilson had an agenda against Bush; but Wilson had discredited the report many months earlier and dropped quietly back below the surface. it was only after it has been repeatedly flogged by the Bush group from August through the January State of the Union speech that he began thinking about putting a stop to all that. It is likely that this is when Wilson decided to support the candidacy of any Democrat who got the nomination, and when he joined the Kerry Campaign in May, the White House suddenly went on alert.

In June, State perpared a memo that explicitly mentions Wilson and Plame, which means the administration — contrary to Cheney’s later claims — was very aware of Wilson. Wilson was probably becoming increasingly aware of this attention, too.

On July 6th, Wilson — for whatever reasons, and with the war itself grinding to a bloody stalemate — wrote the now-famous op-ed for the NYT, “What I didn’t find in Africa.” Then the shit hit the fan.

Ari Fleischer, Bush’s press secretary, was forced to publicly retract the State of the Union claims, and Rove went into high gear to preempt the story that Cheney’s office ordered the inquiry into the Niger story. Apparently, that office DID in fact do precisely that in the hope that it would bear fruit. But here’s the rub.

The outing of Plame was not a question of revenge… which would be stupid even for this administration. Rove contacted Mat Cooper of Time magazine to begin a process of preemption (against precisely what we are seeing today with the Fitzgerald invstigation) with the claim that Plame and the Agency ordered the trip. The “outing” was not to get Wilson through his wife, but to establish the basis for plausibly denying that Cheney had ever seen the report Wilson brought back. They wanted to deny that the request for the trip to Niger originated with Cheney… which it seems about 99% sure that it did. So they were saying that the CIA (read: Plame) ordered the Niger visit.

So there is a thumbnail account of this whole affair, but now I return to my original question about what to do.

What can a mass movement accomplish given the implications of this scandal? Let me review what some implications are, at least from where I sit.

The Republican Party is on the ropes, so they will be working overtime to deal with serial indictments and metastasizing scandals.

The war is so unpopular that an online poll by MSNBC two days ago, posing the question, “Should we stay the course in Iraq?” received a 75% NEGATIVE response.

The center-right Democrats are behaving like the reptiles they are, and trying to duck the war while the Repugs rot from the inside. The leftish end of the DP is spinning out idiocies like alternative “exit strategies” that only extend the bloodbath for another year or so, in the hope that people will run back and hide in the House of the Lesser Evil.

But the only election that really gets people het up is the general election, and that’s not for another three years, so the masses are not responding to their righteous fear of Republicans by seeking the kinder faces of Democratic charlatans.

The executive branch has been crippled by this scandal, and it appears Fitzgerald intends to extend and deepen his investigation. The likely Libby indictment is a way for him to smack the bushes with a stick and encourage the other snakes to haul ass. A new word will now enter the daily vocabulary of some Washington functionaries, and that word is “immunity.” Libby himself may become familiar with the term “cop a plea.” His spouse won’t want to dwell alone for the next thirty years… or maybe she will.

The people with the most to lose right now — aside from the casualties of war, that is — are members of Congress. they are as edgy as a caged cat in heat, because both Republicans and Democrats have to worry about their “phony-baloney jobs, gentlemen.”

That’s why instead of another expensive, difficult-to-organize mass demonstration that can be duly ignored by the press and elected officials, I suggest we adopt a new and bolder strategy directed at individual legislators… who, oh by the way, have the power to stop the war by cutting its funds.

Fuck a bunch of exit strategies! These people must be told that they will be punished if they vote another single dime for the extension of the war. Out now, and no equivocation! We are tired of your bullshit!

My legislative strategy is this.

We organize locally all over the country to occupy local Congressional offices. Find 200 people from each district, go visit them during office hours, call the press, weasel your way into the office with the maximum numbers possible, sit down, and refuse to move until your official agrees not to vote another dime. Those unwilling to risk arrest can provide the necessary support to maintain the sit-ins until the place smells like a poorly maintained stable.

The we see what happens, and take it from there. There is the potential here for hundreds of such actions, leaving any Congressperson or Senator who agrees not to fund the war alone (Republican or Democrat), and who knows what it might grow into.

That concludes today’s rant.

Thank you for your attention.

29 Comments

  1. les:

    “Lynch mobs around the White House might not indicate that the masses have embraced the revolution yet, but it sure makes for a great spectacle, and it is very very disruptive.”

    I think you enjoyed writing this piece and probably prefer the mornings for conjuring images! I enjoyed reading it and agree totally about how one treats those who may not have a meticulous, detailed understanding of dialectical materialism but who want the war ended. They are after all people coming to understand that their world view has been constructed around a scaffold of lies. That is very frightening for people. Thanks.

    As I write (6pm GB) Libby as been indicted. Good news, showing there are cracks to be exploited. I’m not counting the chickens yet though, these scum still have immense raw, killing power.

  2. Stan:

    Funny stuff, watching CNN right now. Writing on the wall. Repugs will attack Joe Wilson. Dems will emphasize “damage to national security” as a way to avoid talking about the war they co-signed.

    One Dem attempts to say we went to war on lies, and the Repug says you wanted war, too. Ha! Gotcha!

    Dems were lied to, as well as Repugs. But the reality is that any one of them with the least interest in the toipic could have seen through this bullshit as easily as Barbara Lee did, and most of us did, too.

    Meanwhile, people continue to die in Iraq.

  3. m.c.:

    Another hypothesis is Michael Ledeen. What makes these guys particularly dangerous according to Hersh in his recent interview with Scott Ritter is that unlike say Kissinger, Scowcroft, or Jim Baker they actually believe their own B.S. This causes a vicious cycle by making the other reactionary paranoids of the world, like Iran’s new president flip off the handle, which in turn makes the Netanyahu’s & Sharon’s get their fingers closer to the red button.

    Whatever happened to Tom Hagan(played by Robert Duvall) in “The Godfather” telling Sonny(James Caan) that “War is bad for business.”

  4. PJ:

    Thoroughly enjoyable read, Stan. I’m one of those people who’s always been on the left (two union worker parents – card carrying Democrats), can’t imagine voting on the right and have always voted Democrat, despite having major reservations about Clinton, Gore, Kerry and some of our own local candidates. “Lesser of two evils” theory, I guess. But I’m done with that bullshit. Fuck Al Gore and John Kerry and the way they stepped aside and let Bush and his buddies steal two elections from them. They called him a weasel and a scoundrel their entire campaigns, then told us all to give him our support.

    Unless you somehow stage a coup and become head of the DNC, Stan, I can’t see myself voting for those pigs ever again. And in comparison to the ruling party, they’re the fucking good guys. Not surprisingly, I was checking into how to become an expatriate in the Netherlands for weeks after the “election” last year. But we’re staying. We have an organic farm, and we’re going to help steer this oversized Hummer of a country back out of the ditch.

  5. Stan:

    Hear hear! I’m not planning to do anything as special as a coup, but I’ll be damned if I’ll give them the satisfaction of abandoning my friends, my family, my kids and grandkids, or anyone else to the future these guys have mapped out. Born in San Diego, family from Arkansas, living in North Carolina — related by blood and marriage to English, Irish, African American, Native (both Cherokee and Osage Nations), Mexican, Korean, Jewish, and Japanese, and live on the border of the Black Homeland. I’m an army veteran who is a socialist and pro-feminist. My brother just survived Hurricane Rita, and my sister is a lesbian grandmother. And my son is about to go back for his third trip to Iraq in the next couple of months. We fight for those we love. I can’t imagine where else I might want to go. If I had a guitar like Woody Guthrie, it too would say “This machine kills fascists.” Woody stayed.

  6. Dennis:

    At some point in the late ’30s-early ’40s, the story goes, a fan sent Woody a picture of a Thompson submachine gun, state of the art at the time, the picture inscribed: “This machine makes music.’

  7. Stan:

    Was he a headless guy?

  8. PJ:

    Oh, and on the subject of “Plamegate” (not to be confused with the “Blame game”), Libby and Liddy are eerily similar, aren’t they?

  9. jay taber:

    Yeah, I almost fell off my chair when Fitzgerald mentioned Dewey Claridge.

  10. Linda Janasen:

    Hi, Stan. Was reading the nytimes on libby. they say he’s married to someone named Harriet Grant. Maybe the Sandy Libby you referred to at Rendon is an ex? Or maybe the “paper of record” is covering for Libby some more. “Despite his pedigree as one of the administration’s most hawkish advisers on national security issues, Mr. Libby is hard to pigeonhole among Washington insiders. He is married to Harriet Grant, one of the senior Democratic lawyers to interview Anita F. Hill in the Senate hearings on the Supreme Court nomination of Judge Clarence Thomas.” Either way it doesn’t change much about the Rendon situation–it’s a matter of degree, I guess.

  11. Stan:

    Alas! My information came from research I did two years ago when I was working on the book about gender in which Rendon was spinning Jessica Lynch.

    Re-checking, that was incorrect. Sandra (Sandy) Libby, the CFO of Rendon is married to CEO John Rendon.

    Thanks for the correction.

  12. Consumer:

    A couple of questions. First, given this administration’s powerful and elaborate crypto-fascist machinations, how is it Fitzgerald was even able to have an unrecorded phone conversation, much less indict Libby? These whackjobs are stupid but they’re paranoid, too. Sure, all this will probably get buried and forgotten within a month but still, how’d that slip past them?

    Second, why all the elation at the administration’s Libby woes? These aren’t real woes, are they? As Cockburn and St. Clair pointed out in Counterpunch, Libby will probably fall on his sword and then hang tough in some white-collar facility until Bush pardons him on the way out.

  13. jim priest:

    Oh yeah, baby. Nuts and bolts direct action! here’s a link: http://www.house.gov/writerep/ (got this by simply typing “congressional districts” into google) As I’ve mentioned on this site before, I’ve had “US OUT OF IRAQ” scrawled across my car’s back window for a couple of years now. I almost never get any negative feedback from other drivers any more but I have to tell you I’m getting pretty sick of people honking and giving me thumbs up or worst of all pulling up and solemnly saying “thank you”. One guy pulled up to me on Melrose the other day and said “Dude! I’m gonna go do that to my car right now! I mean it!” I almost fucking cried. Now we’re getting somewhere. I really think we should take this simple plan of camping out at our representative’s (sic) offices AND RUN WITH IT!! Please keep pushing this idea and I’ll do all I can to start some shit in my little neighborhood in Hollywood…

  14. L Crow:

    In this country you have to stand up and be counted.

    I am one of the FEW people in Arkansas that can shout (and proudly do) I VOTED FOR THE OTHER GUY!!!!!

    Keep it up Buddy!!!!

  15. John F. Eden:

    Stan-
    Great great analysis – first time the Plame thing has made sense to me – and your political strategy seems right on as well. Hope someone picks it up and runs with it.

  16. Jeff G:

    Dear Sgt. Goff and others on the site,

    I really appreciate this article and generally the perspectives offered on this site and in Full Spectrum Disorder (I haven’t read your other books yet.)

    A quick question (for whomever will answer) I’m not really following the explanation that the Bush admin ‘outted’ Plame not as revenge but to “establish the basis for plausibly denying that Cheney had ever seen the report Wilson brought back. They wanted to deny that the request for the trip to Niger originated with Cheney…”

    How would this have happened? I don’t get it.

    Thanks

  17. Stan:

    Cheney’s office was relentlessly badgering the CIA for anything that would dmeonstrate that Iraq was (1) connected to al Qaeda and-or (2) developing weapons that could be shown to be a threat to the US.

    The CIA wasn’t producing anything because there wasn’t anything. Cheney and the CIA were then at war. Washington insiders were very aware of this.

    When the Niger forgery first sent its pheremones wafting over Washington, Cheney’s olfactory organs alerted and almost certainly his office told both State and Central Intelligence to check out this story (in the hope it would show that Saddam was building nukes).

    So Cheney delegated to CIA, and CIA delegated to Plame (who was nearby and a WMD person),and she recommended hubby Wilson — who had very substantial Iraq and W. Africa experience. Nothing remarkable here.

    Wilson reports, the goes back to his life as a business consultant. Plame goes back to being a CIA agent posing as a businesswoman.

    Months go by, and Cheney’s crew starts repeating the Niger lie when support starts to wane for the war. Wilson bites his tongue.

    War starts, goes in the toilet in short order, and Wilson writes his op-ed stating that the Niger story was bullshit and the administration damn well knew it (since they were the ones who sent people sniffing off around Niger in the first place).

    Weeeelllll… there’s only one way out of this, isn’t there? Deny that they knew anything about it. But if Cheney’s office ordered the inquiry into Niger, then he can hardly say he didnlt know about the report that he was likely waiting for with bated breath, can he?

    But Wilson had gone, and SOMEONE set the trip up. if it wasn;t Cheney’s weapons-obsessed office then who did it? Well, those insiders know about the feud between Cheney and the mean old CIA, so the obvious story is that the CIA set this trip up just to go after Cheney for political reasons.

    But wait! Wilson’s not CIA. So who in the CIA might have decided to sned him on this wicked errand? Aha! His wife, who is IN the CIA.

    Tell those press insiders that the VP never noticed this cheap forgery (or even remembered Wilson), that there were other “classified” sources that showed the Niger story to be oh-so-true (even though there isn’t enough spare yellowcake in the whole country to supply the alleged 500 tons).

    But alas! The story comes out as the administration outing an agent. Oh, this is very bad, very very very bad indeed. Protect the king is the new game. President Cheney has to be insulated. (Sacrifice the Scooter-knight?)

    I hope he squeals like a stuck pig.

  18. mary:

    Pigs don’t deserve that analogy. Since we are keeping a close eye on sexism & racism, should check our specism too! =:^)

  19. Jon Flanders:

    The notion of occupying Congressional Offices as a sort of sitdown blackmail(we stay in until you agree to pull out) has some appeal, but I fear that it is not politically feasible at the moment.

    Partly because we don’t have enough people un-employed who have nothing left to lose. With an economy filled with people working two or three jobs, or overtime if you have a union job, civil disobedience is still the province of the middle-class idealist with some extra time and spare bucks.

    So as fas as electoral politics go, which is what Stan’s proposal is a variant of, I propose a mass campaign of anti-war candidates on an immediate withdrawal platform.

    The Iraq war vet who ran as a Democrat in Ohio gives us a little taste of what might be done. Of course he was not in favor of withdrawal, but just the same, there was a percieved anti-war element to his campaign. It scared the pants off Ohio Republicans.

    A candidate running on an immediate withdrawal ticket will not win the election. But if the candidate got a certain percentage of the vote, it might tip the balance against an incumbent, and we are in a period where incumbents have less of an advantage than is usual in USA elections.

    Who might get such a national electoral campaign underway? The same people who jump started the anti-war movement after the Kerry debacle, the military families.

    If they called for a national conference to begin such an electoral campaign, I think they would rally a lot of people immediately. In addition, the campaign would be even stronger if as many of the candidates as possib le were vets or members of military families.

    The propoganda value alone of such an effort would be incalcuable. And it would do as much as anything I can think of right now to move the center of the debate over the war to the left.

  20. m.c.:

    Wilson’s report from Niger was one of three that all came to the same conclusion. One was by a Marine General, Zinni? I can’t remember his name. I believe the third was by the State Dept’s INR office, and Wilson was sent for another opinion just in case.

  21. Stan:

    Jon, you may be right about the occupations to end the occupations idea. I don’t know. I just run stuff like that up the flagpole to see who might salute it.

    I got the idea from antiwar Iraq vets who are champing at the bit to get nastier, and chafing at the timidity of much of the antiwar movement. If a Congressional district contains roughly 70,000 folks (a complete SWAG), how hard is it to get 200 who will rotate in an occupation? We did that here at David Price’s office (about 400 participated) and forced him to decline singing the war resolution in 2002 (in his usual weaselish way, by proposing an alternative).

    But electoral campaigns are even more difficult for a list of reasons I won’t bore anyone with… ballot access laws, money, stuff like that.

    The problem is not moving the center of the debate to the left. the “out now” position is now the majority position. That’s the crux of the problem. The public is already WAY to the left of the Democrats, who show not the slightest inclination to follow us along.

    While I’m here, I will recommend Jon’s piece in mrzine on the Sept 24 demo, which also has lots of pix. Thanks for that, Jon.
    http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/flanders290905.html

  22. Jon Flanders:

    Stan,

    I would not rule out of hand occupations. It might be a very good tactic in specific locations, with the right Congressional targets.

    And you are right that political campaigns aren’t so easy either. I would argue though, that after the Kerry campaign, there are a lot of disillusioned people who have vowed not to be fooled again. I think that many of them would jump at the chance to support vets and military family representatives running on a principled anti-war platform, no weaseling about deadlines, preparing Iraqi forces etc.

    Remember the momentum that built up over Nader’s 2000 campaign? He was getting rallies of thousands all over the country. That’s where the money and campaigners would come from. I don’t think Nader could do that again himself. Something new needs to happen. Something like Cindy Sheehan.

    Cindy seems quite determined to lie down in front of the machine. She might even end up doing some time. If that happened, perhaps that might be the best place to run for Congress now. You might even be able to work an occupation and a campaign at the same time. There’d be some free publicity for the anti-war candidate occupying his opponents office, wouldn’t there?

    I just think that all the frustration needs a place to go. Civil disobedience is one place. Electoral politics is another, as are mass demonstrations. We need to figure out how all of this can work together, instead of what happened in 2004, when the wheels fell off for a while.

  23. Jon Flanders:

    Right after I signed off on the above comments about elections, I ran across this article from the Village Voice on Commondreams.org. It illustrates what I am saying about the potential out there pretty well. Here’s an excerpt.

    full at: http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/1101-08.htm

    Published on Tuesday, November 1, 2005 by the Village Voice (New York)
    Cindy Sheehan for President
    Or Senate. The Anti-War Left Seeks a Challenger for Hillary Clinton
    by Kristen Lombardi

    “………Key activists have come to that conclusion, too, figuring they’ll have a better chance of finding an anti-war candidate than of moving Clinton. Already, the Libertarian Party, the Green Party, and the Progressive Democrats of America have begun casting about for a challenger. Some envision the perfect candidate as an anti-war Iraq veteran, like Paul Hackett of Ohio, who announced his run for a U.S. Senate seat last week. Others have a different kind of cachet in mind.

    “When I heard the name Cindy Sheehan,” says DeBar, the Ossining activist, “I thought, great.”

    Last month, DeBar, himself a former Green Party candidate, proposed a Draft Sheehan effort on a Green message board. Unlike some Greens who are pushing a Sheehan for President initiative, DeBar wants to see her move from her home state of California to run against Clinton in the New York primary next year. That way, he writes in his post, “she could force a seismic shift in the direction of the Democratic Party.”

    Activists see obvious potential in Sheehan. The movement’s icon did, after all, rescue anti-war activists from hibernation, breathing new life into their cause from the moment she set up her bivouac at Camp Casey. At the Brooklyn Peace Fair, hordes of fans flocked to her as she descended the platform, lining up for pictures, praising her speech, offering to escort her if she ever comes back to town. After Sheehan signed the back of a postcard with “Peace, Cindy,” an ebullient middle-aged woman produced it, repeatedly, for all to see.

    Besides, she has proven to be astute politically, as evidenced by anyone who has seen her work a crowd. At a recent vigil of Grandmothers Against the War, she pressed the flesh with dozens of aging activists, shaking each hand, thanking each volunteer, just like any politician.

    “Cindy would be the perfect foil,” DeBar says, “because everyone knows who she is.” Activists wouldn’t expect Sheehan to win in ’08, or even in ’06, not with Clinton’s formidable war chest and high polling numbers. But she could garner enough support next year—5 or 10 percent—to dip into the senator’s vote margin and thus send a message.

    Now, if only Sheehan would buy into the argument. “I love your state, but I don’t think I want to move here and run for the Senate,” she tells the Voice. “I know you can. I know that’s what Hillary Clinton did. But I don’t know . . . ” she says.”

  24. Stan:

    I gotcha. Yeah, there is definitely a geographic imperative associated with these kinds of tactics.

    On Cindy, who I love and respect, anything that develops into a cult of personality (and there is potential for that) will burn bright as a meteor and dazzle everyone… for a moment.

    But if she or anyone else could spoil the Dems, I’m fer it… so long as it is a conscious effort to do just that right in the Dems’ faces, and not Quixotic delusionalism that the public will magically “change” and elect a third-candidate. (My vote is for Barbara Lee, for a number of reasons.)

    Thanks again for your engagement here, Jon. Hope you are well these days.

  25. Jon Flanders:

    Stan,

    I’m well, happy with a few nice days to exercise my photography obsession. Just got a *new* Russian camera, an Iskra!! to play with. It’s not well known in the US(big surprise) that the Soviet Union had a very large and quite competent camera industry.

    One other point, on mass demonstrations. I was quite struck by what I saw of the Millions More Rally on the weekend that followed the September 24 march. It had a very defined anti-war character. I was particularly struck by Farrakhan’s remarks and his attack on the war.

    The September 24 demonstration was largely white and middle class, despite whatever connections Answer/TONC might claim to have. I wonder if either UFPJ or Answer/TONC made any attempt to engage Farrakhan? If not, why not? The other notable thing about his speech at the MMM rally was an emphasis on coalition building and outreach generally.

    This is an opening that should be exploited. The African American community is the most progressive in the US. Farrakhan may be a critical key to reaching the masses of African Americans with an anti-war message.

    Mass demonstrations are critical to building and broadening the anti-war movement, no matter how frustrated we might get about media coverage and the government’s seeming obliviousness.
    As I said earlier, we need to orchestrate all the tactics; mass demonstrations, civil disobedience and electoral politics into the overall strategy of the anti-war movement to the point of obtaining the initiative.

    And as my old friend Lou Proyect often says, after you have analyzed the big picture, quoting James Cannon, its a matter of “knowing what to do next”.

    I think your excellent blog is one of those spots where we can engage in that process of “knowing.”

  26. ScotFree:

    Loved your “rant” and the subsequent comments, but a quibble with some of your theory: the war cuts across all “interest” lines. To say that if you want to organize women, get active in domestic abuse orgs/causes, or if you want workers to get involved, talk about pay and benefits, both blurs one’s focus and assumes that the only thing women want to talk about is domestic abuse, etc. etc.. Not so! I think we have to see the war as THE issue, not AN issue. Thus stop thinking of various constituencies to get to come in with us, and see the widest spectrum of the population as possible. “If you build it, they will come.” Cindy Sheehan’s genius is that she 1) touched people directly, whether emotionally or ideologically, and brought the war to uppermost focus in a variety of minds; 2) she gave people “permission” to act on that “zap”, however they’re going to do it, whether letters to the editor, silent participation in a vigil, sporting a bumper sticker–or more direct and involved action, as we are interested in. I say all such energy welcome. There will always be those who go forward out of their houses, and those who stay in and pump a fist at the TV and are “with” us in spirit if not in direct action. “from each according to one’s ability, to each according to one’s need.” I think the voting booth in 2006 is where we’re all going to end up. I want to focus as much energy as possible on that “still, small moment” when millions of folks, alone with their own moment of truth, either pull or don’t pull a particular lever. That’s how we got into Iraq, via the ones we voted for who themselves voted, and that’s how we’ll ultimately get out.

  27. m.c.:

    Dep. Comm. of U.S. armed forces Europe, Marine Gen. Carlton Fulford went to Niger and sent his report to the Chairman of the JC’s, Myers. U.S. Ambassador to Niger Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick, a career diplomat and graduate of the Army War College in Carlisle, PA issued her findings to the State Dept. Joe Wilson gave his findings to the CIA. His crime was that he opened his mouth though.

  28. Elliott:

    First of all I just want to say how inspirational and useful I have found your site and writings since visiting it first. I’m writing this specifically because your idea for having protests/marches enter congressional offices inspired an unplanned attempt at conjuring some government accountability that took place in recent protest. Below is an account of part of the actions that took place November 2nd in Portland, Oregon that I have also posted on portland indymedia. Late in the march after our numbers had dwindled and the remaining participants were mostly youth (of which I still count myself a part of) I decided to pitch the idea of heading over to Representative David Wu’s office (your “legislative strategy” from your post entitled “Libby-Cheney-Rove: What is to be done?”) Perhaps a couple dozen or more made our way over to the courthouse where his office is. We had trickled over relatively slowly, so the bicycle cops didn’t catch on fast enough to stop us from flooding into the lobby. Somewhat disoriented as a group we were just getting ready to step into the elevator when security guards appeared and said that those in Wu’s office were willing to meet with five of us and so me and several others went. It wasn’t a sit in or a lockdown or an occupation, but it was something. So here’s my official account:

    After we sat down on the steps of the justice center to show solidarity with those that had been arrested by the police some more people addressed the crowd and there were some moving words and twice a moment of silence was called for those who had lost their lives in this insane ruling class war in Iraq. Eventually some of us decided to pay a visit to Congressional representative David Wu’s office (620 SW Main Street, room 606) and try and ascertain exactly how it was the will and interests of the people are being misrepresented. Only about 6 or 7 of us were allowed up the elevator, but it was a fittingly diverse bunch I think. We all did our best to ask provoking and probing questions of Stephen Marx, a district representative who was very patient with us and seemed to be doing his best to engage in real dialogue with us. I admit I did not do all my homework on Wu’s specific votes on every military spending bill etc., but Stephen seemed pretty convinced Wu was trying his hardest to end the war and convince his peers to. (if people want to post what they know about Wu’s record please do so) He also talked about Wu’s anti-CAFTA position and that he opposes the US corporate sector’s exploitative relationship with the Chinese people via the Chinese government. The issue of veterans benefits was raised in the same conversation as the rights of protestors engaging in civil disobedience. A girl much younger than anyone else there brought up the issue of animal cruelty and animal testing while others expressed their concerns about corporate owned media and its relation to political office. I think everybody left satisfied in some way or another, for me this was because I came away with answers (even though I was not satisfied with these answers) not from a soundbyte on the evening news, or a political action email, but from a real person. I think this kind of activity needs to be done much more often, and all around the country. What if we had gotten fifty or a hundred or two-hundred people to storm the office of a congressional representative, so that we would fill the lobby of the building and keep security or police from keeping us from going up to the office. Everyone deserves to be able to talk to their elected officials (or their dedicated staff), because there is no other way for us to transform our “representative” government into a more responsive, less oppressive entity. As we were walking out of the building, I at least felt temporarily less outrage, now being able to put some human faces onto the existing institution that we will have to work with in one way or another in the years to come. But as we were descending the steps of the court house one of our fellow activists was being arrested, apparently for simply sitting down on the steps. Next time there will be hundreds sitting on the steps; next time we will be able to talk with public officials for as long as we want until they pack up and go home, and then still we will stay. We must literally be in these people’s lives, to apply stress and annoyance, to create dialogue and stir passions, to forge new avenues of democracy until we can cut off the funding for this war, which is not wrong because it is “illegal”, it is wrong because it is a war of aggression and terrorism and occupation. It is a war to enrich the corporate elite and their political allies and empower them to further dominate and exploit our lives. The Bush administration and friends are not all powerful, but they still wield terrible power, the power to destroy many, many lives yet. We MUST stop them. WE ARE RESPONSIBLE. Almost every day another American soldier dies in a war instigated by the scum of this earth, and every week tens of more Iraqis are killed by that latest dead soldiers angry and frightened comrades.

    PS: I am not part of any group or organization, and this post represents only my opinion and subjective impression of the events described. If you want to join an email list where you can share ideas for future actions and help with mobilizing in the future email pdx_wcw-subscribe@lists.riseup.net (I think that’s right…). The email list name suggests an organizational connection to the national “World Can’t Wait” campaign, but we are really just and independant group of people that met each other for the first time trying to organize the actions on Nov 2 (most of us had absolutely no experience planning this kind of thing before). Connecting with people is the real way to make a difference, not just door to door campaigns where we read from a script and solicit money (absolutely NO disrespect meant to those who work DAMN hard doing this). And to leave you with some sage-like words of advice for the revolutionaries of the world:

    “Tell no lies. Mask no difficulties,
    mistakes, failures. Claim no easy victories.”
    -Amilcar Cabral
    ———————

    -Thanks again,
    Elliott.

  29. m.c.:

    “In the animal kingdom, the rule is, eat or be eaten; in the human kingdom, define or be defined.”
    –psychiatrist Thomas Szasz

    p.s. I do not advocate scientology.

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